New Evidence Shows Agents Using Slurs, Bolstering Profiling Claims

Since immigration agents began carrying out a string of big, aggressive sweeps last year, civil rights groups have argued that the Trump administration’s mass deportation campaign has been defined by brazen racial profiling.

Now, body-camera footage, text messages and other documents emerging from lawsuits around the country reveal how race and ethnicity have figured in the dragnets that unfolded in Los Angeles, Chicago, Minneapolis and other U.S. cities.

In several instances documented in court filings, federal agents referred to targets as “tonks” — a derogatory term typically used to refer to Mexican immigrants and intended to echo the sound of agents’ flashlights striking their heads. Migrants suspected of being undocumented were described as “wet,” shorthand for the slur wetback. And an agent who led an operation in Southern California later described the appearance of individuals he considered suspicious: “older Hispanic males.”

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In the meantime, civil rights lawyers are continuing to amass what they hope will be a valuable trove of evidence that racial profiling by immigration agents is prevalent — and that it is unconstitutional in the manner that it is being carried out today.

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The latest batch of depositions, videos and surveillance records in Los Angeles, first reported by CalMatters and The Los Angeles Times, show that immigration agents and officers were focused on finding “day laborers.” But civil rights groups argue that their vague and varying explanations for whom they were looking for often defaulted to anyone who looked Latino, had darker skin or spoke English with an accent. That reliance on perceived race and ethnicity, they argued, also ended up unlawfully sweeping up U.S. citizens.

In one sworn declaration, a driver in a traffic stop in San Bernardino, Calif., said an officer told him he had been pulled over “because he looked like a ‘paisa,’” a slang term for a Mexican compatriot or newly arrived immigrant.

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Such encounters were not limited to California. In more than a dozen lawsuits filed in courts across the country — including in Alabama, Illinois, Oregon and Minnesota — civil rights lawyers argue that residents, predominantly Black and Latino, were wrongly targeted based on their appearance, specifically their skin color, perceived ethnicity, accents and work attire.

At least 65 U.S. citizens were described as having been stopped, questioned or detained, and because all of them were eventually released, they were able to provide lawyers with detailed accounts of their encounters with immigration agents. Some said officers refused to accept their passports or valid drivers’ licenses as proof of citizenship. Several were threatened with Tasers, tackled and handcuffed. A few were held for hours before being released, according to court filings.

Many of the filings depict federal agents as working under crushing pressure to meet a new national quota, which for a time was as high as 3,000 immigration arrests daily. The increase — a near threefold increase in May 2025 from the prior base line — forced officers to shift from individualized investigations to street sweeps intended to round up as many people as possible. Roving teams of officers in unmarked S.U.V.s repeatedly converged on Latino neighborhoods and businesses, including carwashes, Home Depot parking lots, construction sites and shopping corridors, the court records state.

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Federal law has granted immigration officers far more latitude at immigration checkpoints and within a 100-mile radius of any of the nation’s borders. But civil rights groups argue Border Patrol agents have been exercising those powers deep in the interior of the country.

Now, as the cases move through the courts, the rulings will determine whether federal agents are exclusively relying on race and ethnicity to stop, question and detain people for immigration violations — and whether the limits banning such tactics will remain in place.

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In videos from Chicago, agents point out people on the street as “tonks.” The slur has been used since at least the 1990s by immigration officers along the nation’s Southern border.

The epithet is echoed in the latest batch of video evidence filed in the Los Angeles case. More than a dozen body-camera and bystander videos capture agents bypassing people who appeared white, moving instead to question and detain men who appeared Latino nearby.

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